Feeder Provided with a Deformable Socket

ABSTRACT

The invention relates to an insert to be inserted into a casting mold which is used for the casting of metals and has a casting cavity, having a body ( 3 ) which extends along a body longitudinal axis ( 7 ) and has a body cavity ( 6 ), the body ( 3 ) being constructed from at least one first shaped body ( 4 ), which has a connecting opening ( 10 ) by means of which the body cavity ( 6 ) can be connected to the casting cavity, and a second shaped body ( 5 ) which is placed onto the first shaped body ( 4 ), characterized in that the first shaped body ( 4 ) is embodied as an energy-absorbing device.

The invention relates to an insert to be inserted into a casting moldwhich is used for the casting of metals and has a casting cavity, havinga body which extends along a body longitudinal axis and has a bodycavity, the body being constructed from at least one first shaped body,which has a connecting opening by means of which the body cavity can beconnected to the casting cavity, and a second shaped body which isplaced onto the first shaped body.

When producing workpieces by casting, liquid metal is poured into acasting mold which has a casting cavity. The casting cavitysubstantially corresponds to the negative shape of the workpiece to beproduced. The casting mold additionally has inlet lines, through whichthe liquid metal can be conveyed into the casting cavity, and cavities,so-called feeders, which serve as compensating tanks in order tocompensate for the volume reduction which takes place when the metalsolidifies, and to thus counteract shrinkage cavitation in the castpart. For this purpose, the feeders are connected to the cast partand/or to the endangered region of the cast part, and are usuallyarranged above and/or at the side of the casting cavity. After the metalsolidifies, metal residues remain in the feeder cavities and in theinlet lines, and said metal residues must be removed from the workpiece.Here, the aim is to keep the size of said metal residues as small aspossible, and to configure their shape such that said residues can beremoved simply and completely, for example by knocking them off.

To produce the casting mold, a pattern plate (or pattern shape) isfirstly provided which corresponds to the inner contour of the castingcavity. A holding device is normally provided at those points at whichan inlet line or a feeder insert is to be attached, for example amandrel for fixing the position of the feeder insert or of the inletline. After said feeder and inlet lines have been attached to thepattern plate, a mold material, usually molding sand, is applied to thepattern plate such that the feeder insert and the inlet lines areenveloped. In a further step, the mold material is then compressed, sothat the feeder and the pre-shaped inlet lines are enclosed by thecompressed mold material.

Relatively high compression pressures are used in compressing the moldmaterial. There is therefore the danger that the feeder insert and thefurther inlet lines attached to the pattern cannot withstand thebuckling forces which occur during compression, and therefore break.This can result in difficulties during the casting process when themetal is poured in, and in it no longer being possible to feed the castpart in a controlled fashion.

It has been attempted to counteract said problem by using particularlystable and thick-walled inserts. These are, however, very expensive as aresult of the increased material requirements.

Another approach is to absorb the buckling forces which occur duringcompression molding by means of so-called spring mandrels. Springmandrels generally comprise a tubular element for fastening to thepattern plate, a spring which is arranged in the tubular element, and amandrel tip element which rests on the spring and can movetelescopically in the longitudinal direction. After the spring mandrelis fastened to the pattern plate, a feeder insert is placed on, thelower face of said feeder insert being situated at a certain distancefrom the pattern surface in the initial arrangement, that is to saybefore the mold material is poured in.

When the mold material is subsequently filled in and compressed, thefeeder insert is moved, counter to the spring force exerted by thespring mandrel, in the direction of the pattern surface, without theunderside of the feeder insert coming into direct contact with thepattern surface. Destruction of the feeder insert is therefore preventedeven when high compression forces are used.

DE A 41 19 192 A1 describes a spring mandrel for holding feeders, saidspring mandrel comprising a holding and guiding part, a spring and anaxially moveable casing. The casing is pot-shaped and engages over thespring and the holding and guiding part.

DE 195 03 456 C1 describes an arrangement comprising a pot-shaped feederand a mandrel which serves to mount said pot-shaped feeder on a castingpattern with a spacing from the surface of the latter. A first and asecond rigidly predefined stop for a first and a second spacing positionare predefined on the mandrel. The feeder moves into the second spacingposition, which is close to the surface of the casting pattern, when themolding sand is compressed, by virtue of a predetermined breaking pointbeing opened in the base of the feeder as a result of the counterforcefrom the mandrel, as a result of which the feeder can move into thesecond spacing position.

The spring mandrels must initially be fastened to the pattern platebefore the feeder inserts are inserted, though this is laborious. It isalso difficult to obtain a precisely arranged knocking-off edge whenusing a spring mandrel. Said knocking-off edge is provided in order tomake it possible to separate the feeder residue, that is to say thematerial which remains in the feeder after the casting process, from thecast part. The cleaning expenditure is therefore generally very high.Spring mandrels are additionally very expensive and are subject to wear.

In order to avoid the use of spring mandrels, two-part feeder insertshave been developed, in which the two shaped bodies can be pushedtowards one another as the mold material is compressed, and the forcesintroduced into the feeder can be dissipated in this way. DE 100 39 519A1 describes a feeder insert which comprises at least two shapedelements which can be displaced into one another along a feederlongitudinal axis, said shaped elements enclosing a hollow space forholding liquid metal. Holding elements can be arranged on the firstand/or second shaped element, the first shaped element supporting thesecond shaped element by means of said holding elements, and saidholding elements being detachable or deformable such that it is possibleto displace the two shaped elements into one another along the feederlongitudinal axis.

The invention is based on the object of providing an insert to beinserted into a casting mold which is used for the casting of metals andhas a casting cavity, which insert can, without being destroyed, absorbor withstand the forces which occur as the mold material is compressed,and said insert being simple and favorable to produce. It should also bepossible at least in the case of one preferred embodiment of the feederinsert to provide a knocking-off edge which makes it possible toprecisely detach, for example, a feeder residue from the cast part.

Said object is achieved by means of an insert having the features ofpatent claim 1. Advantageous embodiments are the subject matter of thedependent claims.

The insert according to the invention, which is to be inserted into acasting mold which is used for the casting of metals and has a castingcavity, has a body which extends along a body longitudinal axis and hasa body cavity. The body firstly comprises at least one first shaped bodywhich has a connecting opening by means of which the body cavity can beconnected to the casting cavity. At the opposite side from theconnecting opening, the first shaped body has a second opening. The bodyalso comprises a second shaped body which is placed onto, or adjoins,the first shaped body on the side of the second opening. According tothe invention, the first shaped body is embodied here as anenergy-absorbing device. In the insert according to the invention, theforces which are exerted on the insert as the mold material iscompressed are thus absorbed by the first shaped body, and the energywhich is introduced is thereby dissipated. This can occur, for example,by virtue of the first shaped body breaking or splintering. It ishowever preferred for the energy to be absorbed through deformation ofthe first shaped body.

For this purpose, in a particularly preferred embodiment, it is providedthat the first shaped body has, or constitutes, a deforming element.

The deforming element can be designed in a variety of ways. For example,the first shaped body can be tubular, with the second shaped body beingplaced on its upper side. If a force is exerted in the direction of thelongitudinal axis of the shaped body or in the direction of the bodylongitudinal axis, the second shaped body can be displaced in thedirection of the longitudinal axis towards the pattern plate. Thedeforming element can, for example, be placed around the first, lowershaped body in the manner of a sleeve which is supported, for example,on the face of the pattern, on an abutment which is provided on theoutside of first shaped body, or on the base of a spring or centeringmandrel. In said embodiment, the first shaped body thus comprises adeforming element which is arranged separately from said mandrel. As themold material is compressed, the second shaped body is initially moveddown until it comes into contact with the upper end of the deformingelement. If the second shaped body is then moved further in thedirection of the pattern plate, this leads to deformation of thedeforming element. Energy is absorbed as the deformation takes place,with the parameters of the deforming element being selected such thesecond shaped body is not destroyed as a result of the forces which actduring compression.

In another embodiment, it is provided that the deforming element formsan integral constituent of the first shaped body. In order to allow theforces which act on the insert as the mold material is compressed to beintroduced into the first shaped body, it is preferably provided thatthe second shaped body is supported on the first shaped body. As themold material is compressed, the second shaped body therefore does notmove along the longitudinal axis over the first shaped body, but rathercompresses the latter such that it buckles. There is thereforepreferably a rigid connection between the second and first shapedbodies, so that the forces can be introduced from the second shaped bodyinto the first shaped body efficiently.

The first shaped body is preferably designed such that it can becompletely deformed. The forces which are exerted on the first shapedbody as the mold material is compressed then lead to buckling of thefirst shaped body, resulting in the walls of the first shaped body beingdeformed or bent.

The first shaped body is preferably designed such that the outerenvelope has a substantially tubular or bowl-shaped design. Here, atubular design is to be understood as a cylinder whose cross section canalso, however, reduce in size in the direction of the connectingopening, so that a narrowing section adjoins a cylindrical section. Abowl-shaped design is to be understood as a shape in which the outerperiphery of the first shaped body, proceeding from the side at whichthe second shaped body can be placed on the first shaped body, decreasesin size towards the side of the connecting opening in the direction ofthe body axis. Depending on the degree with which the outer diameterdecreases, the result is a bulging or funnel-shaped design. An envelopeis to be understood as a face which connects the outermost points of thefirst shaped body.

As the mold material is compressed, the second shaped body should movesubstantially only along the body longitudinal axis in the direction ofthe pattern plate. Here, it is particularly important to prevent thebody longitudinal axis from tilting away from the perpendicular relativeto the pattern plate, and to thus prevent that the position of theinsert or of the body cavity in the finished casting mold can no longerbe controlled. The first shaped body is therefore preferably designed soas to allow controlled buckling. In a preferred embodiment, predefinedbending points are therefore provided in the wall of the first shapedbody. Said predefined bending points can, for example, be generated byforming grooves in the wall of the first shaped body. If, for example,the first shaped body is composed of sheet steel, depressions can beimpressed along the periphery of the first shaped body, so that thefirst shaped body has a reduced wall thickness at these points. Thesurface of the first shaped body also receives a slightly non-uniformstructure as a result of the impressing process. If pressure is thenexerted on the first shaped body in the direction of the bodylongitudinal axis, said first shaped body bends at the predefinedbending points, and is deformed in a controlled way.

It is preferably provided that the deforming element is embodied as atype of bellows. The bellows comprises individual segments which arepreferably already arranged inclined relative to the body longitudinalaxis. Corresponding predefined bending points can however also beprovided, for example by means of a reduced wall thickness at thecorresponding points of the first shaped body. It is particularlypreferable for at least two predefined bending points to be provided,one below the other, in each case annularly along the periphery of thefirst shaped body. When a force acts on the body as the mold material iscompressed, said force running along the body longitudinal axis or alongthe perpendicular relative to the pattern plate, the bellows is pressedtogether in the manner of an accordion. As a result, it is possible tomake up for the volume reduction of the casting mold which is caused bythe compression of the mold material. The bellows can also absorb energywhich is introduced in that it is produced from a material which isdeformable and provides a certain resistance to the deformation.

The bellows comprises individual segments, with a bend (or a predefinedbending point, cf. above) being formed at each connection between saidsegments. Before being compressed, the segments are preferably eachinclined at an angle of 0° to 80° relative to the body longitudinalaxis, preferably 5° to 60°, in particular 15° to 50°. This makes itpossible for the bellows to be pressed together uniformly in acontrolled way.

The bellows can, for example, be of tubular or bowl-shaped design. Inthe case of a tubular bellows, the first shaped body has the samediameter at each of the bend points, resulting in a tubular envelope ifthe bends each define an outer face. In the case of a bowl-shapeddesign, the diameter of the first shaped body decreases in a steppedfashion at each of the bend points. If the magnitude of the decreasebetween two bends is constant in each case, the result is afunnel-shaped envelope if the bends are connected by a face. If themagnitude with which the diameter decreases at each of the bend pointsincreases, the result is an envelope with a more bulging shape.

The segments are also preferably dimensioned such that the the extent ofthe segments between bends of the bellows is between 0.1 and 30%,preferably between 1 and 20%, of the extent of the bellows in thedirection of the body longitudinal axis, preferably between 1 and 10%.

In the case of the above described bowl-shaped embodiment of thebellows, which leads to the bellows having a stepped shape, the bellowswhich acts as a deforming element preferably comprises less than 5steps. Here, a step is formed in each case from two segments, onepreferably being arranged parallel to the body axis and one preferablybeing arranged perpendicular to the body axis. Here, the steps can eachhave the same height or the same extent perpendicular to the bodylongitudinal axis. In one embodiment of the insert according to theinvention, however, the steps of the bellows have different heights ineach case, with the step arranged closer to the connecting openinghaving a greater height than the steps arranged closer to the secondopening. The step arranged next to the connecting opening preferably hasthe greatest height of the steps. The height of the steps corresponds tothe extent of those segments which are arranged parallel to the bodylongitudinal axis. In one embodiment of the invention, the extent of thesegments arranged perpendicular to the body longitudinal axis increasesfrom the side of the second opening towards the side of the connectingopening. The profile of the deformation of the first shaped body cantherefore be controlled.

In one embodiment of the invention, the extent of the bellows in thedirection of the body longitudinal axis is between 20 and 80% of theheight of the first shaped body or deforming element. The height of thefirst shaped body corresponds to the maximum extent of the first shapedbody in the direction of the body longitudinal axis.

A design of the deforming element in the shape of a bellows is certainlypreferred. However, other designs of the deforming element are alsopossible. For example, individual depressions, bends or openings can beprovided in the material of the first shaped body, said depressions,bends or openings allowing controlled buckling of the first shaped body.If, in particular, the deforming element is embodied as a sleeve whichis arranged around the first shaped body, it is possible for example toproduce the sleeve from a holed material, for example a holed sheetmetal strip. The formation of holes reduces the stability of the strip,so that, when pressure is exerted on the strip in the direction of itsplane, said strip is pressed together in a controlled manner as it isdeformed. Since no molding sand may pass into the body cavity, anembodiment in conjunction with a first shaped body is expedient in whichthe body cavity is sealed off from the surrounding sand.

The first shaped body is preferably formed from an irreversiblydeformable material. With such a design, energy which is introduced asthe first shaped body is buckled can be absorbed and dissipated. Thereare a wide range of suitable materials for producing the first shapedbody. The first shaped body can be produced from cardboard, such ascorrugated cardboard, plastic, for example polymer foam such aspolystyrene foam, wood, composite materials, for examplefiber-reinforced plastics or metal/plastic composite materials.

According to a further embodiment, the first and second shaped bodiescan also be connected to one another, for example by means of anadhesive connection. It is however also possible for the first andsecond shaped bodies to be formed together in one piece.

It is particularly preferable, however, for a metal to be used as thedeformable material, with sheet steel being particularly preferred here.Aluminum-containing materials or magnesium-containing materials, forexample, are also possible. It is easily possible to shape metals, inparticular steel, into almost any desired design. Said metals areirreversibly deformable and can absorb force and therefore dissipateenergy during deformation. Here, the properties of the first shaped bodycan be varied within wide ranges by means of, for example, the wallthickness or the type of metal or steel used.

It is particularly preferable for a steel to be used which has a carboncontent of at least 0.05% by weight, preferably at least 0.07,preferably at least 0.1% by weight and particularly preferably at least0.12% by weight. Steel has a higher melting point than cast iron. If theinsert according to the invention is used for casting cast iron, thefirst shaped body which is manufactured from steel therefore does notmelt immediately on contact with the liquid iron. The steel sheetinitially softens, and subsequently slowly dissolves into the cast ironflowing out of the feeder insert. Since steel has a lower carbon contentthan cast iron, the carbon contained in the cast iron is reduced inconcentration in those regions of the cast piece which adjoin the firstshaped body. This results in an increased tendency towards shrinkagecavitation in said regions. The measure according to the invention ofincreasing the carbon content of the steel reduces said effect of areduction in concentration, and shrinkage cavitation is thereforesuppressed. The carbon content of the steel is preferably as high aspossible. In order to still ensure sufficient deformability inparticular during production of the first shaped body, for example bymeans of deep drawing, the carbon content is, however, preferably lessthan 0.7% by weight, preferably less than 0.6% by weight.

A further preferred material for producing the first shaped body iscardboard, wood or wood composites. Said materials burn on contact withthe liquid metal, though with little observed gas generation. However,in said embodiment of the first shaped body, a spring mandrel ispreferably used for fastening the insert according to the invention tothe pattern, since cardboard can only absorb small quantities of energyas it deforms.

The wall thickness of the first shaped body is suitably selected as afunction of the material used. The wall thickness is preferably between0.1 and 3 mm, particularly preferably 0.2 to 1.5 mm. When using sheetsteel, the wall thickness is preferably in the range from 0.1 to 1.5 mm,particularly preferably 0.2 to 0.8 mm. When using cardboard, wood orplastics, the wall thickness is preferably 0.1 to 3 mm, preferably 0.5to 1.5 mm.

In order to be able to easily detach metal residues, which remain in thecavities of the inserts after the casting process, from the workpiece,the first shaped body preferably narrows in the direction of theconnecting opening. After the casting mold has been removed, theworkpiece then has a constricted portion at said point. This makes itpossible to accurately and simply knock off the metal residues, andconsiderably reduces the cleaning expenditure.

As already explained above, in one embodiment of the insert according tothe invention, the forces which act on the second shaped body as themold material is compressed should be introduced into the first shapedbody and dissipated there through deformation of the first shaped body.This avoids damage to the second shaped body. In order to make itpossible for the forces acting on the second shaped body to becompletely and uniformly introduced into the first shaped body, it isprovided in a preferred exemplary embodiment that the first shaped bodyhas an annular support face for supporting the second shaped body.

The insert according to the invention can be placed directly on thepattern plate by virtue, for example, of the connecting opening providedon the first shaped body being designed in such a way that it ispossible for the insert to be reliably fixed to the pattern plate. Inorder to prevent the body tipping as the mold material is poured in andcompressed, it can however be expedient to provide a centering mandrelonto which the insert according to the invention is placed. In oneembodiment of the insert according to the invention, it can be providedhere that the second shaped body has a centering recess for holding acentering mandrel.

The insert according to the invention can be formed in any desired wayand can, for example, in the finished casting mold, form an inlet linefor the liquid metal into the casting mold cavity. The term “insert” istherefore intended to encompass any element, such as sleeves, funnel orfilter elements, or feeders and the like, which can be integrally formedin or on the casting mold or pattern. The advantages of the insertaccording to the invention are shown to particular advantage when theinsert is embodied as a feeder insert.

The invention is explained in more detail in the following withreference to the appended figures, in which:

FIG. 1: shows a longitudinal section through an insert according to theinvention, said insert being embodied as a feeder insert;

FIG. 2: shows a longitudinal section through an embodiment of the firstshaped body, with the latter being of tubular design;

FIG. 3: shows a longitudinal section through an embodiment of the firstshaped body, with the latter being of bowl-shaped design.

FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal section through an insert according to theinvention, said insert being embodied as a feeder insert. Theillustration shows a state as encountered after the feeder insert hasbeen mounted on the pattern plate but before the mold material has beenpoured in. A spring mandrel 2 is fastened to a pattern plate 1, with afeeder insert 3 according to the invention being placed over said springmandrel 2. The body of the feeder insert 3 comprises a first shaped body4 and a second shaped body 5. The first shaped body 4 and second shapedbody 5 together form a feeder cavity 6 (body cavity) which extends alonga feeder longitudinal axis 7 (body longitudinal axis). The first shapedbody 4 comprises a section which is embodied as a deforming element 8and a section 9 in which the first shaped body 4 narrows in thedirection of the connecting opening 10. The deforming element 8 isformed in the shape of a bellows and accounts for approximately 60% ofthe height of the first shaped body 4. The first shaped body 4 can, forexample, be made of metal, in particular sheet steel, cardboard orplastic. A second shaped body 5, which is embodied here as a feederhead, is placed onto the first shaped body 4. Said second shaped body 5is of pot-shaped design and has an opening 110 at its lower end, saidopening producing a connection to the interior space of the first shapedbody 4 in order to form the feeder cavity 6. The second shaped body 5 ismade from a fire-resistant material and can have insulating orexothermic properties. The second shaped body 5 is produced from thosematerials which are conventional for feeders, for example sand, fibersor mineral hollow spheres which are connected by means of a suitablebinding agent such as water glass. In order to provide the feeder withexothermic properties, said material can, for example, also have addedto it an oxidizable metal, for example aluminum or magnesium, and anoxidizing agent, for example saltpeter. The wall thickness of the firstshaped body 5 is selected to be in the conventional range for feeders,so that any desired insulating properties and the required mechanicalstability is obtained. The second shaped body 5 can be produced usingfeeder production methods which are familiar to a person skilled in theart.

The first and second shaped bodies 4, 5 can, for example, be connectedto one another by means of an adhesive connection and can be regarded asa completed feeder. It is however also possible for the first shapedbody 4 and second shaped body 5 to be mounted separately and only to bebrought together in the production of the casting mold. In theembodiment illustrated in FIG. 1, a spring mandrel 2 is provided inorder to fix the feeder element 3 in its position and to prevent it fromtipping. It is not strictly necessary to use a spring mandrel to fix theposition of the feeder insert 3. It is also sufficient, for example, toprovide a centering mandrel. The latter runs substantially along thefeeder longitudinal axis 7 in order to then break through the upper wallof the second shaped body 5. For this purpose, a centering opening (notillustrated) can correspondingly be provided in the second shaped body 5at the upper side, through which centering opening the centering mandrelcan be guided. It is also possible to dispense with the use of a mandrelentirely. This, however, increases the danger of the feeder being tippedsuch that it is no longer perpendicular when the mold material is pouredin and when the latter is compressed.

FIG. 2 illustrates a longitudinal section through the first shaped body4 of the feeder insert according to the invention. Said feeder insertcomprises a section 8 which is embodied as a deforming element and whoseextent 11 in the direction of the feeder longitudinal axis 7 correspondsto approximately 60% of the height 12 of the first shaped body 4. Anannular support 13 is provided at the upper end of the first shaped body4, on which annular support 13 the second shaped body 5 (notillustrated) can be placed, the latter enclosing the second opening 110.Below the section 8, a section 9 is provided in which the first shapedbody narrows in the direction of the connecting opening 10. Thedeforming element 8 is embodied as a bellows which comprises individualsegments 14. A bend 15 is provided at each connection between theindividual segments 14. Connecting the outer bends 15 a results in atubular design of the envelope 21.

In FIG. 2, the first shaped body is illustrated in a state as isencountered before the mold material is compressed, that is to saybefore the first shaped body is buckled in order to absorb energy. Here,the individual segments 14 enclose an angle 16 relative to the feederlongitudinal axis 7 of between 0° and 80°, preferably between 30° and60°, particularly preferably between 30° and 50°. Here, the extent 17 ofthe segments 14 is selected such that it corresponds to between 1 and10% of the extent 11 of the bellows in the direction of the bodylongitudinal axis 7. Skirts 18 may be provided on the support 13 at theouter edge, said skirts 18 facilitating the centering of the secondshaped body 5. It is likewise possible for skirts 19, 20 to be providedat the edge of the connecting opening 10, said skirts 19, 20facilitating centering of the first shaped body 4 in an opening of thepattern plate (not illustrated).

FIG. 3 illustrates an embodiment of the first shaped body, with thelatter having a bowl-shaped envelope 21.

In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 3, the diameter of the firstshaped body 4 decreases from the side of the second opening 110 towardsthe side of the connecting opening 10 in a stepped fashion at the pointsof the bends 15. If the outer bends 15 a are joined up to form anenveloping face 21, the latter has a bowl-shaped design.

Here, the height of the segments 14a arranged parallel to thelongitudinal axis 7 increases in the direction from the side of thesecond opening 110 to the connecting opening 10, that is to say in theillustration from top to bottom. The extent of the segments 14 barranged perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 7 likewise increasesfrom the side of the second opening 110 to the side of the connectingopening 10. The extent of the segments arranged perpendicular to thelongitudinal axis 7 corresponds to the spacing between the segments 14a,arranged parallel to the longitudinal axis, which adjoin them at bothsides in each case.

That side of the first shaped body 4 which has the connecting opening 10is placed on a pattern. The second shaped body (not illustrated), suchas for example a feeder head which has exothermic or insulatingproperties, is placed on the opposite side which has the second opening110. The first shaped body 4 is preferably composed of steel which has ahigh carbon content.

The feeder insert according to the invention allows the forces which acton the feeder element 3 as the mold material is compressed to beabsorbed through irreversible (inelastic) deformation of the firstshaped body 4. As a result, breakage or buckling of the second shapedbody 5, which is usually composed of a brittle material, can be reliablyprevented.

-   1. Pattern plate-   2. Spring mandrel-   3. Feeder insert-   4. First shaped body-   5. Second shaped body-   6. Feeder cavity-   7. Feeder longitudinal axis-   8. Deforming element-   9. Section-   10. Connecting opening-   110. Second opening-   11. Longitudinal extent-   12. Height-   13. Support-   14. Segment-   15. Bend-   16. Angle-   17. Extent-   18. Skirt-   19. Skirt-   20. Skirt-   21. Envelope

1. An insert to be inserted into a casting cavity of a casting mold,which is used for the casting of metals, comprising a feeder insert,which extends along a feeder insert longitudinal axis, wherein thefeeder insert comprises a feeder insert cavity, a first shaped body forconnecting the feeder insert cavity to the casting cavity, and a secondshaped body placed onto the first shaped body, wherein the first shapedbody comprises an energy-absorbing device.
 2. The insert as claimed inclaim 1, characterized in that the energy absorbing device comprises adeforming element.
 3. The insert as claimed in claim 1, characterized inthat the second shaped body supported on the first shaped body.
 4. Theinsert as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the first shapedbody has a substantially tubular design.
 5. The insert as claimed inclaim 2, characterized in that the deforming element comprises a bellowsshaped component.
 6. The insert as claimed in claim 5, characterized inthat the bellows shaped component comprises segments inclined at anangle of 0° to 80°, relative to the feeder insert longitudinal axis. 7.The insert as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that the length ofthe segments between bends of the bellows shaped component is between0.1 and 10% of an overall length of the bellows shaped component in thedirection of the feeder insert longitudinal axis.
 8. The insert asclaimed in claim 5, characterized in that the distance of the bellowsshaped component in the direction of the feeder insert longitudinal axisis between 20 and 80% of the height of the first shaped body.
 9. Theinsert as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the first shapedbody is formed from an irreversibly deformable material.
 10. The insertas claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the first and second shapedbodies are formed as one piece.
 11. The insert as claimed in claim 9,characterized in that the deformable material is a metal.
 12. The insertas claimed in claim 9, characterized in that the deformable material issteel.
 13. The insert as claimed in claim 12, characterized in that thesteel has a carbon content of more than 0.05% by weight.
 14. The insertas claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the first shaped bodynarrows in the direction of a connecting opening into the casting cavityof the casting mold.
 15. The insert as claimed in claim 1, characterizedin that the first shaped body has an annular support face for supportingthe second shaped body.
 16. The insert as claimed in claim 1,characterized in that the second shaped body has a centering recess forholding a centering mandrel.
 17. (canceled)
 18. The insert as claimed inclaim 1 characterized in that the first shaped body has a substantiallybowl shape.
 19. The insert as claimed in claim 5 characterized in thatthe bellows shaped component comprises segments inclined at an angle of30° to 60° relative to the feeder insert longitudinal axis.